Zoological Synopsis of Groundhogs in Kentucky

Introduction

1. • Groundhogs (Marmota monax) are members of the Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Rodentia, Family Sciuridae, Genus Marmota, Species monax. They are among Kentucky’s most abundant mammals.

Description

1. • They are typically 16-27 inches long, 5-14 pounds, have brownish-gray fur, dark colored feet, stocky bodies with short legs, constantly growing incisors, and digging claws.

Habitat

1. • In Kentucky, groundhogs inhabit meadows, woodlots, hay fields, pastures, hedgerows, and suburban areas, with dens typically located in open fields, near fence rows, woodland edges, or under structures like barns and decks.

Diet & Foraging

1. • A groundhog’s diet is overwhelmingly plant-based, but they are also opportunistic omnivores and dig or forage for insects, snails, bird eggs, and even newborn birds.

• Behavior & Ecology

1. • They are solitary, diurnal creatures and are true hibernators during the winter.

1. • Groundhogs have many predators, including coyotes, dogs, foxes, and birds of prey. They can warn each other with high-pitched whistles.

Reproduction & life cycle

1. • Males are Polygynous and will mate with multiple females from February to April.
   • Females care for their young for 2-3 months.
   • Groundhogs live 2-3 years in the wild.